20th Century History

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Communism
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Communism was not just an idea during the twentieth century, it was a concept put in motion. The Cold War emerged as a challenge between the Soviet Union and the United States - between communism and democracy. The world was almost destroyed; people constantly lived under the threat of a nuclear war.

Berlin Wall
The Berlin Wall was constructed in 1961 to prevent East Germans from fleeing west. Just under three decades later, this icon of the Iron Curtain was dismantled and East and West Germany were reunified.

Cold War
At the end of World War II, a rivalry began between the United States and the Soviet Union called the "Cold War." The Cold War was characterized by a fight between democracy and communism with a constant threat of nuclear war.

Communism, Socialism, and Marxism
Overviews of the political and economic systems of communism, socialism, and Marxism.

Cuban-Missile Crisis
In October 1962, the Soviet Union began placing nuclear missiles in Cuba. The confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union over these missiles was the closest the two countries came to starting a war.

V.I. Lenin
Vladimir Ilich Lenin was the founder of the Communist Party in Russia and the leader of the Russian Revolution.

Russian Revolution
The Russian Revolution of 1917 ended the long reign of tsars in Russia and created the communistic Soviet Union.

Joseph Stalin
Joseph Stalin was the dictator of the Soviet Union for nearly a quarter of a century. His rule is infamous for his use of police terror and the frequent mass murders of his own people.

Stalin's Body Removed From Lenin's Tomb
After his death in 1953, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin's remains were embalmed and put on display next to Vladimir Lenin. Why did the Soviet government change their mind? What happened to Stalin's body after it was removed from Lenin's tomb?

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