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20th Century History
Nobel Prize Winners for Physiology or Medicine

Chemistry | Physics | Physiology or Medicine | Literature | Peace | Economics

1901Emil A. von BehringGermany
1902Sir Ronald RossGreat Britain
1903Niels R. FinsenDenmark
1904Ivan P. PavlovRussia
1905Robert KochGermany
1906Camillo Golgi
Santiago Ramon y Cajal		Italy
Spain
1907Charles L. A. LaveranFrance
1908Paul Ehrlich
Elie Metchnikoff		Germany
France
1909Emil Theodor KocherSwitzerland
1910Albrecht KosselGermany
1911Allvar GullstrandSweden
1912Alexis CarrelFrance
1913Charles R. RichetFrance
1914Robert BaranyAustria
1915  
1916  
1917  
1918  
1919Jules BordetBelgium
1920Schack A. S. KroghDemmark
1921  
1922Archibald V. Hill
Otto F. Meyerhof		Great Britain
Germany
1923Frederick G. Banting
John J. R. Macleod		Canada
Scotland
1924Willem EinthovenNetherlands
1925  
1926Johannes A. G. FibigerDanmark
1927Julius Wagner-JaureggAustria
1928Charles J. H. NicolleFrance
1929Christiaan Eijkman
Sir Frederick G. Hopkins		Netherlands
Great Britain
1930Karl LandsteinerUnited States
1931Otto H. WarburgGermany
1932Edgar D. Adrian
Sir Charles S. Sherrington		Great Britain
Great Britain
1933Thomas H. MorganUnited States
1934George R. Minot
William P. Murphy
G. H. Whipple		United States
United States
United States
1935Hans SpemannGermany
1936Sir Henry H. Dale
Otto Loewi		Great Britain
United States
1937Albert Szent-GyorgyiHungary - United States
1938Corneille J. F. HeymansBelgium
1939Gerhard DomagkGermany
1940  
1941  
1942  
1943Henrik C. P. Dam
Edward A. Doisy		Denmark
United States
1944Joseph Erlanger
Herbert S. Gasser		United States
United States
1945Ernst B. Chain
Sir Alexander Fleming
Sir Howard W. Florey		Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
1946Hermann J. MullerUnited States
1947Carl F. Cori
Gerty T. Cori
Bernardo A. Houssay		United States
United States
Argentina
1948Paul H. MüllerSwitzerland
1949Walter R. Hess
Antonio Moniz		Switzerland
Portugal
1950Philip S. Hench
Edward C. Kendall
Tadeus Reichstein		United States
United States
Switzerland
1951Max TheilerUnited States
1952Selman A. WaksmanUnited States
1953Sir Hans A. Krebs
Fritz A. Lipmann		Great Britain
United States
1954John F. Enders
Frederick C. Robbins
Thomas H. Weller		United States
United States
United States
1955Alex H. T. TheorellSweden
1956André F. Cournand
Dickinson W. Richards, Jr.
Werner Forssmann		United States
United States
Germany
1957Daniel BovetItaly
1958George W. Beadle
Edward L. Tatum
Joshua Lederberg		United States
United States
United States
1959Arthur Kornberg
Severo Ochoa		United States
United States
1960Sir F. MacFarlane Burnet
Peter B. Medawar		Australia
Great Britain
1961Georg von BékésyUnited States
1962Francis H. C. Crick
Maurice H. F. Wilkins
James D. Watson		Great Britain
Great Britain
United States
1963Sir John C. Eccles
Alan L. Hodgkin
Andrew F. Huxley		Australia
Great Britain
Great Britain
1964Konrad E. Bloch
Feodor Lynen		United States
Germany
1965Francois Jacob
André Lwoff
Jacques Monod		France
France
France
1966Charles B. Huggins
Francis Peyton Rous		United States
United States
1967Ragnar Granit
Haldan Keffer Hartline
George Wald		Sweden
United States
United States
1968Robert W. Holley
H. Gobind Khorana
Marshall W. Nirenberg		United States
United States
United States
1969Max Delbrück
Alfred D. Hershey
Salvador Luria		United States
United States
United States
1970Julius Axelrod
Sir Bernard Katz
Ulf von Euler		United States
Great Britain
Sweden
1971Earl W. Sutherland, Jr.United States
1972Gerald M. Edelman
Rodney R. Porter		United States
Great Britain
1973Karl von Frisch
Konrad Lorenz
Nikolaas Tinbergen		Germany
Germany - Austria
Great Britain
1974Albert Claude
George Emil Palade
Christian Rene de Duve		Luxembourg - United States
Romania - United States
Belgium
1975David Baltimore
Howard Temin
Renato Dulbecco		United States
United States
Italy - United States
1976Baruch S. Blumberg
Daniel Carleton Gajdusek		United States
United States
1977Rosalyn S. Yalow
Roger C. L. Guillemin
Andrew V. Schally		United States
United States
United States
1978Daniel Nathans
Hamilton O. Smith
Werner Arber		United States
United States
Switzerland
1979Allan M. Cormack
Godfrey N. Hounsfield		United States
Great Britain
1980Baruj Benacerraf
George Snell
Jean Dausset		United States
United States
France
1981Roger W. Sperry
David H. Hubel
Tosten N. Wiesel		United States
United States
United States
1982Sune Bergström
Bengt Samuelsson
John R. Vane		Sweden
Sweden
Great Britain
1983Barbara McClintockUnited States
1984César Milstein
Georges J. F. Köhler
Niels K. Jerne		Great Britain - Argentina
Germany
Great Britain - Denmark
1985Michael S. Brown
Joseph L. Goldstein		United States
United States
1986Rita Levi-Montalcini
Stanley Cohen		Italy - United States
United States
1987Susumu TonegawaJapan
1988Gertrude B. Elion
George H. Hitchings
Sir James Black		United States
United States
Great Britain
1989J. Michael Bishop
Harold E. Varmus		United States
United States
1990Joseph E. Murray
E. Donnall Thomas		United States
United States
1991Edwin Neher
Bert Sakmann		Germany
Germany
1992Edmond H. Fisher
Edwin G. Krebs		United States
United States
1993Phillip A. Sharp
Richard J. Roberts		United States
Great Britain
1994Alfred G. Gilman
Martin Rodbell		United States
United States
1995Edward B. Lewis
Eric F. Wieschaus
Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard		United States
United States
Germany
1996Peter C. Doherty
Rolf M. Zinkernagel		Australia
Switzerland
1997Stanley B. PrusinerUnited States
1998Robert F. Furchgott
Louis J. Ignarro
Ferid Murad		United States
United States
United States
1999Günter BlobelUnited States
2000Arvid Carlsson
Paul Greengard
Eric Kandel		Sweden
United States
United States
2001Leland H. Hartwell
Tim Hunt
Sir Paul M. Nurse		United States
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
2002Sydney Brenner
H. Robert Horvitz
John E. Sulston		United Kingdom
United States
United Kingdom
2003Paul C. Lauterbur
Sir Peter Mansfield		United States
United Kingdom
2004Richard Axel
Linda B. Buck		United States
United States
2005Barry J. Marshall
J. Robin Warren		Australia
Australia
2006Andrew Z. Fire
Craig C. Mello		United States
United States
2007Mario R. Capecchi
Sir Martin J. Evans
Oliver Smithies		United States
United Kingdom
United States
2008Harald zur Hausen
Françoise Barré-Sinoussi
Luc Montagnier		Germany
France
France
2009Elizabeth H. Blackburn
Carol W. Greider
Jack W. Szostak		United States
United States
United States
2010Robert G. EdwardsGreat Britain
2011Bruce A. Beutler
Jules A. Hoffmann
Ralph M. Steinman		 United States
Luxembourg
Canada

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